Bitcoin je decentralizovaná digitální měna (kryptoměna), která funguje bez centrální autority, jako je banka nebo vláda. Poprvé byl představen v roce 2009 osobou či skupinou osob pod pseudonymem Satoshi Nakamoto, což znamenalo začátek nové éry digitálních financí. Namísto centralizovaného řízení využívá Bitcoin síť počítačů (uzlů), které společně ověřují a zaznamenávají transakce, takže žádná jediná entita nemá nad celým systémem kontrolu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Transakce se zaznamenávají do veřejného a distribuovaného účetního systému zvaného blockchain, kde každý blok obsahuje sadu transakcí. Jakmile je blok přidán do blockchainu, je prakticky nemožné jej změnit, což zvyšuje bezpečnost a transparentnost celé sítě. Nové bitcoiny se do oběhu dostávají prostřednictvím procesu zvaného těžba, kdy těžaři využívají svůj výpočetní výkon k řešení složitých matematických úloh, čímž ověřují transakce a přidávají je do blockchainu. Za tuto činnost dostávají odměnu v podobě nově vytvořených bitcoinů.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Celkový počet bitcoinů je omezen na 21 milionů, což zabraňuje jejich nadměrnému vytváření a může přispět k deflační povaze měny. Bitcoin také umožňuje přímé (peer-to-peer) transakce bez potřeby prostředníků, přičemž i když jsou všechny transakce veřejně zaznamenány v blockchainu, identita uživatelů zůstává pseudonymní, protože jsou reprezentováni pouze adresami jejich peněženek.<\/p>\n
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